The Athens
Hash House Harriers guide to
Olympic Games 2004 Facts & Figures
- The 28th modern Olympiad -
DATES:
First Olympic Games: 776 B.C. in Olympia, Greece
Athens Olympic games dates: Friday 13 - Sunday 29 August 2004 A.D.
Athens Paralympic games dates: Friday 17 - Tuesday 28 September 2004 A.D.
ORGANIZERS:
President of the International Olympic Committee (IOC): Jacques Rogge
President of the International Paralympics Committee (IPC): Phil Craven
President of the ATHENS 2004 Organizing Committee (ATHOC): Mrs. Gianna Angelopoulos-Daskalaki
Mayor of Athens: Mrs. Dora Bakoyanni (daughter of ex- ND prime minister Mitsotakis)
Prime Minister & Minister of Culture: Costas Karamanlis (came to power in
March 2004)
Alternate Minister of Culture: Mrs. Fani Petralia
General Secretary for the Olympic Games: Professor Constantinos Cartalis
VIP's:
Former US President George Bush (Senior) accompanied by his wife Barbara,
twin granddaughters Barbara & Jenna & 20 FBI security agents arrived
in the northern port city of Kavala some 700 Km Northeast of Athens on Tuesday
10th August on a plane chartered by Greek business magnate Spyros Latsis (whose
late father Yannis was a personal friend of the Bush family). They embarked
on a Latsis family yacht (The newly outfitted Tumara - on her maiden voyage)
and travelled south to the Athens port of Piraeus in order to attend the Olympic
opening ceremony on Friday 13th August. Then they continued their cruise around
the Aegean islands ( firstly Lesvos).
It was claimed that Russian President Vladimir Putin stayed on another large
Latsis yacht, the 122-metre Alexander which in past summers often hosted former
President Bush.
MASCOTS Phevos & Athena
A symbol of fraternity & brotherhood between countries, of joyful participation
in the games & equality between the two sexes. Their designer Spyros Gogos
was inspired by a bell-shaped doll of antiquity.
Phevos derives from the name of the ancient Apollon, god of the light and the
music. Athena carries the name of the goddess of wisdom and protector of ancient
Athens.
OPENING CEREMONY:
A humorous prelude to the ceremony occurred when presenter Nikos Aliagas took
part in a sketch where workmen in blue worksuits pretended to hammer in a few
last-minute nails and then said "it's finished".
The Opening Ceremony on 13th August (held in the OAKA main Olympic stadium)
began with a young boy sailing across a manmade lake in a paper origami boat,
waving a small Greek flag. It was soon followed by a representation of the three
periods of ancient Greek sculpture in the form of giant statues that broke apart
and hovered above the stadium core.
The story continued through 3000 years of Greek history & culture as depicted
in art, primarily sculpture - underlining the Games' Greek origins. A train
of floats paraded living motifs past a packed stadium. Dazzlingly coloured Minoan
frescoes & Minoan bull-leaping were at the head, followed by black and brick-red
Geometric vase figures. Hercules & Alexander the Great. Then came the Archaic
and Classical periods with powdered muscular men posing as Kouroi - monumental
statues standing with their hands by their sides - and finally the freer bronze
sculpture of Praxiteles depicting athletes in motion.
The caravanserai moved quickly through Byzantium, with a passing reference to
Emperor Justinian and his Empress Theodora, taking after the Gothic mosaics
of Ravenna in Italy. Towards the end of the parade came the Greek Revolution
of 1821 (and war hero Theodoros Kolokotronis) , which began to carve a modern
Greek state out of the Ottoman empire, featuring honour guards with their pom-pom
shoes and fustanella skirts. Finally came the modern period of popular and high
art - bouzouki and Maria Callas. Even included was Karagiozis, the popular underdog
of the Greek shadow-puppet theatre. References to war and religion were pointedly
absent.
There were about 74, 000 spectators for the Opening Ceremony.
Tiesto, twice voted the #1 DJ in the world by DJ Magazine made Olympic history
on 13th August when he became the first DJ ever to perform in an Opening Ceremony
of the Olympic Games. He was introduced by Mrs. Angelopoulos-Daskalaki and played
music including new tracks produced especially for the Opening Ceremony for
the 90-minute parade of the approx. 10, 500 athletes. He said it was the first
time he worked on such a mammoth production.
Some of the ceremony was set to music composed by Mikis Theodorakis & Manos
Hatzidakis.
There were
202 delegations of the participant countries in the parade of athlete at the
Opening Ceremony. They entered in alphabetical order (based on the Greek spellings
of the country's names) but as host country, Greece (Hellas) entered last.
The production director David Zolkwer said that the Opening Ceremony employed
close to 2,000 moving lights, mounted on what is probably the largest mobile
light rig ever installed. It also featured one of the most complex aerial flying
systems ever utilised for a one-off show, capable of moving over 10 tonnes of
scenery in three dimensions. Deep underground the Olympic Stadium a chamber
23 metres deep and 25 metres wide was built to act as a backstage area. The
stadium was crammed with the most advanced theatrical technology in the world,
yet the majority of it was hidden .. or suspended high above the spectators
heads.
OLYMPIC
MEDALS:
Acclaimed Greek jeweller & designer Elena Votsi was responsible for redesigning
the Olympic medals (that since the Italian Guiseppe Cassioli's design for the
1928 Amsterdam Games have not only been symbolically incorrect but have failed
to reflect the Greek origin & character of the Games). Votsi was chosen
to replace the Roman amphitheatre (reminiscent of the Colosseum) with an image
of the Kallimarmaro Panathenaic Stadium, site of the first modern games. Also,
the figure of Nike, the ancient Greek goddess of victory was to be depicted
according to the legend descending from the sky in an upright position ready
to place the laurel wreath on the head of the winner - and not seated in a chariot
as had been the case since 1928. Additionally, in the background the outline
of the Parthenon. On the reverse side Votsi chose to layer an engraving of the
Olympic Flame over a line from poet Pindar's 8th Olympic Ode, composed in 460BC.
The front side of the medal will remain the same for ALL FUTURE OLYMPIC GAMES.
Her medal designs were presented to the media on 2 June 2003. [Note: Elena Votsi's
shop is at 7 Xanthou Street, Kolonaki. Tel: 210-360-0936]
SECURITY:
The security system (called C4I standing for command, control, communications,
computers and intelligence) was designed & built by Science Applications
International Corporation (SAIC) at a cost of 255 million euros. It concentrates
all information and management of resources in a vast network of computers,
cameras and sensors - such as fence sensors & fire detectors. The system
links ships, helicopters, Patriot missile batteries, AWACS, airships, and a
NATO special forces battalion. It allows 1,200 users (from the police, coastguard,
fire brigade, etc) to file incidence reports, monitor over 1,000 video cameras,
watch changing position of police vehicles, track manpower allocation, pull
up maps, check hospital availability, etc. A fibre-optic network (laid by OTE)
connects more than 100 operations centres.
Key components of the C4I system such as the Command Decision Support System
(CDSS) were functioning after the 24-25th July weekend when, after problems
arose, the software for the mainframe computers was completely re-installed
after SAIC technicians worked a 30-hour shift. About 400 users had been logged-on
to the system by 29th July. The Olympic torch relay on 11 August was the first
real use & live-test of the system.
Uniformed security forces (including Police, Army) numbered 58,000 but their
presence was very discreet. Only 10 very minor incidents occurred during the
games.
The port of Piraeus was protected by coast guard vessels and divers patrolling
the Saronic gulf & underwater sonar equipment and sensors to prevent any
attack from the deep. Reinforced steel gates and high fences monitored by hundreds
of newly-installed cameras offer added protection for the port's luxury cruise-ship
floating hotels. A minesweeper combed the harbour area before the ships arrived.
The weapons
of mass destruction defence operation known as Distinguished Games, was the
first major mission of NATO's new Multinational Chemical Biological Radiological
Nuclear Task Force. It was based at the Greek beach resort of Halkida by 1st
August.
A senior Palestinian official ( Marwan Abdelhamid - diplomatic representative
in Athens for President Yasser Arafat's Palestinian Aurthority) said on August
10 that no true Arab or Muslim would carry out any violence against the Athens
Olympics. The Palestinians and their security forces had been instructed by
Arafat to cooperate closely with the Greek government. Earlier in the year Arafat
signed the Olympic Truce.
SECURITY PASSES:
Security passes for 180,000 Olympic delegates were issued (against
an original projection of 150,000). They were issued in an average time of 15
minutes (as against 2 hours in Sydney).
EVENT INFORMATION & DISPLAY SYSTEMS:
Atos Origin, providers of the 2004 Olympics IT and data network said their systems
are build to withstand attacks from both without and within - and only for $100
million more than what was spent on the significantly smaller Salt Lake Winter
Games. The company has already agreed with the IOC to head IT for the Beijing
2008 and will use the opportunity to boost it's presence in the vast Chinese
market.
The Athens 2004 system consists of over 10,000 computers, 900 servers and 4,000
score results terminals at over 60 Games venues. It uses a closed (physically
isolated) network to handle sports information, accreditation, protocol &
the transport database - so is not vunerable to outside interference or hacking.
The Technology Operations Centre (TOC) is a 600 square metre nerve centre inside
ATHOC headquarters that monitored all sports information during the Games. Row
upon row of computers fill the room with the far wall covered in television
screens positioned for live stadium coverage. The TOC entered 24-hour operation
on July 20.
The size of the Athens IT project is triple that of Salt Lake Winter Games but
the value of the IT budget has risen by no more than 33 percent. The system
will cost US$380-400 million compared to US$300 million for Salt Lake.
RESULTS:
Average time to confirm & issue event results to Journalists & the Media
was less than 2 minutes.
TRANSPORTATION:
Public transport was used by 3.1 million spectators daily.
Transportation journeys for the Olympic family averaged 95,000 daily. Of those
journeys, 36,000 were for athletes, 52,000 for journalists, & 8,500 for
VIP visitors.
One million transport maps
(500,000 in Greek & 500,000 in English) were printed and distributed free
of charge.
Major Olympic
traffic restrictions took effect on 1st August with road lanes cordoned off
for Olympic bus & vehicle use & public transport use.
The suburban railway to the airport came into service on 30th July.
The Athens Tram system came into service in the 1st week of July.
ROADS
The capital has been improved with the construction of 90 km of new motorway
around the city & the improvement of approximately 120 km of existing roadway.
ACCOMMODATION:
To provide additional, secure accommodation for thousands of dignitaries, world
leaders and officials, the port of Piraeus (Europes biggest passenger port)
hosted 8 cruise ships including the world's largest, most luxurious & technologically
advanced luxury liner the Queen Mary 2 (which can accommodate 2,600 people -
and is 343 metres long, 21 stories tall and cost 653 million Euros i.e. 800
million dollars). Other liners were Ocean Countess, World Renaissance, Silver
Whisper, Olympia Explorer, Olympia Voyager, Olympia Countess, Oosterdam, Aidaura.
The Olympic Village has 2,292 newly-built apartments for athletes.
Games organisers ATHOC booked about 90 percent of the hotel rooms in the Athens
region.
The Hellenic Association of Travel and Tourist Agencies (HATTA) said that Athens
hotels expected to sell 100,000 to 150,000 beds a night during the August 13-29
Games but had sold only 70,000 to 120,000. This was mainly due to overpricing.
They then cut prices for mid-range hotels to 150 euros from 350-400 euros and
for luxury hotels to 350 euros from 500-600 euros per night.
OLYMPIC VENUES
Of the 25 venues that were constructed:
Ministry of
Public Works - built five of the sporting venues.
Ministry of Labour - built the Olympic village
Ministry of Public Order - built the Media Village
Ministry of Education - built two Media Villages that will later become student
campuses
FOOD:
For the period of the Games, for breakfast in the 7 Press Villages a total
of 400,000 crousannts, 210,000 omelettes, 137,000 bread rolls, 6,500 kilos of
turkey and 4,500 kilos of cheese were consumed.
In the Olympic Village a shortage of cerials occured as there were 2.5 tons
consumed in the first 48 hours - against a projected consumption ( & purchase)
of 3 tons for the whole period of the Games.
VOLUNTEERS:
From a record breaking 160,000 volunteer applications (from a program launched
3-years prior to the games), 90,000 interviews were held. From these, 48,000
volunteers were chosen. Some 4,500 of these were foreign nationals, the largest
number of foreign volunteers in the history of the games. In Sydney, 20,000
volunteers left their posts but in Athens the number was negligible, Some were
given days off early in the games due to the smaller number of spectators.
A collection of national team pins - pinned onto their pass straps - became
the status symbols of the volunteers. Athletes & coaches were approached
for them at access points. Getting on TV was another major preoccupation with
volunteers - but this was more a matter of luck. Many spectators liked to have
their pictures taken with volunteers.
IMPROVEMENTS:
A multimillion-euro large-scale streetscape facelift was undertaken in Athens
where about 300 roads - nearly 100 km of asphalt - were repaved and a corrugated
non-slip surface now covers nearly 40 km of busy, main roads. About 65 percent
of the city's broken pavement was also repaired. Potholes & other menacing
cavities cursed by motorists were also filled. Pedestrianised projects were
completed and wheelchair ramps set into pavements. The city's two main squares
Omonia and Syntagma were given major facelifts as were Koumoundourou and Kolonaki
squares. Buildings along the so-called Olympic route: Vas. Sofias, Vas. Constantinou
and Alexandras Ave. were repainted & refurbished - as were buildings on
Academias, Ardittou, Ippokratous & parts of Kallirois. Street & park
lighting was fixed, new road signs put up, messy rubbish bins replaced, broken
park benches repaired. Advertising hoardings were removed from rooftops. Thousands
of new parking spaces were created. Finally, hundreds of trees, bushes &
flowers were planted in order to breathe new life into the city.
The widened (to a dual-carriageway including footpaths) and newly resurfaced
Marathon-to-Athens route was handed over to the Olympic planners on 26th July.
A statue of Pheidippides, the man who ran from Marathon to Athens in 490 BC
to announce Greece's victory against the Persians, was placed to the side of
the road some 20 km from Athens.
Athens, host city to the Games is home to nearly half of Greece's 10.9 million
inhabitants.
IMAGE and FUNCTIONING of the CITY of ATHENS:
Refuse collection and restocking of shops and stores took place at night during
the Games.
Only 2 very minor power cuts occurred in the city during the games and these
did not affect Olympic venues.
FINANCE:
The Athens Olympic Games were budgeted at 4.6 billion euros but have cost over
7.0 billion euros (US$8.5 billion). Security costs rose to 1.2 billion euros
(US$1.5 billion). Some analysts predict the final price tag could climb to 10
billion euros (US$12.5 billion).
Deputy FInance Minister Petros Doukas said at the Athens Business Club (a forum
created to attract post-Olympic investment): "The Olympic games were funded
by the central state.... We did not cut corners - not for security, not for
equipment, not for the quality of venues, and not for the comfort of our guests".
Approximately 5.3 million seats were available for the games. Organisers reached
their ticket sales goal of 3.4 million with five days left until the closing
ceremony. Most tickets were sold for the semifinals and finals & many last-minute
tickets were sold for these. Final ticket sales reached 3.5 million - bringing
in a total of 200 million euros. Generally, the ticket prices were 30 percent
lower than at Sydney.
Multinational
sponsors included Coca-Cola, Kodak, McDonalds, Xerox, Time Inc. and Panasonic
and income from these is expected to reach 248 million euros.
Revenues from national sponsors had reached 274 million euros by May 2003 including:
-OTE telephone company - 59 million euros
-Alpha Bank - 73 million
euros
Revenues from officially licenced products are expected to be 728 million euros
TV COVERAGE:
TV networks paid the IOC 1.5 billion Euros to broadcast the Athens Games.
TV viewership of the Olympic Games was approximately 4 billion people.
There was a record number of TV viewers for the Athens Games.
USA: 95 million in first 2 days of Games (8-million more than Sydney)
GERMANY: Reached 12.95 million (3.9 million more than Sydney)
JAPAN: 15.6 million daily
VENUES-FUTURE:
Christos Hadjiemanuel, the Head of the state company Olympic Properties S.A.
which is managing 14 Olympic facilities - including the main press centre, riding,
shooting and rowing venues - said the future of the facilities have not yet
been decided. Some were handed over to the Games organisers without even being
contractually finished & so cannot actually be considered completed yet.
DOPING:
The IOC (International Olympic Committee) and WADA (World Anti-Doping Agency)
have instituted strict punishments to protect the health of athletes and the
authenticity of athletic results.
- Another Mad Dog special section -
(Acknowledgement to the Athens News, Metro magazine, SportDay, etc.)